Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about PostgreSQL superusers and how to create them using the CREATE ROLE statement.

Introduction to PostgreSQL superuser

In PostgreSQL, a superuser is a special role with the highest privileges. A superuser has full access to all databases and tables. Additionally, it can perform administrative tasks such as creating databases, dropping databases, managing user roles, modifying database configuration, and so on.

In other words, a superuser can bypass all security checks except the right to log in.

Neon Note

Neon is a managed Postgres service, so you cannot access the host operating system or connect using the Postgres superuser account like you can in a standalone Postgres installation. Instead, Neon provides the neon_superuser role with elevated privileges. For more information about roles in Neon, see Manage roles.

By default, PostgreSQL has a superuser role called postgres. Typically, you use the postgres user role for performing administrative tasks and don’t need to create additional users with the superuser privilege.

However, if you need additional superuser roles, you can create them using the CREATE ROLE statement or change a regular user to a superuser using the ALTER ROLE statement.

Creating new superusers

First, connect to the PostgreSQL database using a client such as psql:

psql -U postgres

Second, execute the following CREATE ROLE command to create a superuser:

CREATE ROLE username SUPERUSER;

You need to replace username with your desired username for the superuser. For example:

CREATE ROLE spiderman SUPERUSER
LOGIN
PASSWORD 'moreSecurePass';

Third, verify the user creation:

\du spiderman

Output:

List of roles
 Role name | Attributes
-----------+------------
 spiderman | Superuser

The output indicates that spiderman role is a superuser.

Changing a user to a superuser

It’s possible to change a user to a superuser using the ALTER ROLE statement.

First, create a regular role with a login privilege and a password:

CREATE ROLE batman LOGIN PASSWORD 'moreSecurePass';

Second, make the batman role become a superuser using the ALTER ROLE statement:

ALTER ROLE batman SUPERUSER;

Third, verify the user modification:

\du batman

Output:

List of roles
 Role name | Attributes
-----------+------------
 batman    | Superuser

Revoking superuser from a user

To revoke a superuser status of a user, you can use the following ALTER ROLE statement:

ALTER USER username NOSUPERUSER;

For example, the following statement revokes the SUPERUSER status from the spiderman role:

ALTER USER spiderman NOSUPERUSER;

You can verify the spiderman role as follows:

\du spiderman

Output:

List of roles
 Role name | Attributes
-----------+------------
 spiderman |

Summary

  • In PostgreSQL, a superuser bypass all permission checks except the permission to log in.
  • Use the CREATE ROLE...SUPERUSER statement to create a superuser.
  • Use the ALTER ROLE...SUPERUSER statement to make a role a superuser.
  • Use the ALTER ROLE...NOSUPERUSER statement to revoke the superuser from a user.